Pavlova viridis , isochrysis zhanjiangensis and isochrysis galbana 3011 were cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen using encapsulation - dehydration . algal cells in early stationary phase were encapsulated in 3 % ca - alginate beads with 30 nacl , 2 million cells in one bead . beads were desiccated with silica gel then directly immersed in liquid nitrogen . the cell viability after warming was evaluated by chlorophyll content . the main factors influencing the cell viability , such as water content of beads , dehydration rate , dehydration procedure , preculture and recovery methods after thawing were studied . the results are as follows : 1 本文以绿色巴夫藻( pavlovaviridis ) 、湛江等鞭金藻( isochrysiszhanjiangensis )和球等鞭金藻( isochrysisgalbana3011 )等三种饵料金藻为试验材料，用包埋脱水法进行冰冻保存。选择静止初期的藻细胞包埋在含有30氯化钠的3 %的褐藻酸钙胶球中，细胞负载约200万个细胞/胶球，经过硅胶吸湿法脱水后，探讨了胶球含水量、脱水速率、脱水程序、预培养以及化冻后恢复方法对冰冻保存存活率的影响。
The physiological reaction of c . junos under iron stress in field experiments , c . junos manifested itself as tolerant to iron stress . no chlorosis symptom was not found in its leaves when it was grown in a soil with ph 7 . 8 . in contrast , severe chlorosis was found in the control plant p . trifoliata grown under the same soil conditions , and leaf chlorophyll content as an indicator for the degree of fe deficiency in p . trifoliata was much lower than in c . junos 主要的研究结果如下： 1 ：铁胁迫下香橙的生理反应研究香橙在田间实验中表现耐缺铁，在ph7 . 8的土壤中生长正常，叶片无任何缺铁症状；但对照植物枳在同样土壤条件下却表现出明显的缺铁症状，作为缺铁程度指标的叶片叶绿素含量极显著低于香橙。
Chlorophyll content of all the species expect me show the same rule as the plants locating from sun leaves to shade leaves with the changing soil water content . 6 rewatered after extreme drought , the photosynthetic rate of m . h , m . c and m . s increase evidently , showing " compensation effect " , but there have differences between these three species . contrarily , when rewatered after extreme drought , the photosynthetic rate of m . d 6 、杭州石荠? 、华荠?和石荠?经极端干旱后浇水，光合速率均明显增加，表现出“超补偿现象” ，但三者之间存在一定的差异；小鱼仙草干旱条件后浇水，光合速率显著下降，说明该物种在比较干旱条件下也能够较好地生存，但对极端干旱的耐受能力不如杭州石荠? 。
When inadequate n was added , the chloroplast structure in mesophyll cell was damaged in ear leaf , the amount of carbohydrate decreased in mestome sheath , and excessive n - redistribution and n - transportation to grain from vegetative mass appeared , which resulted in earlier leaf senescence . excessive n application led to too high activity of nitrate reductase , excessive vigorous nitrogen metabolism and too much exhaustion of carbohydrate in ear leaf , which resulted in the lack of enough carbohydrate in the lower leaf , meanwhile , the expansive chloroplast grana lamellae in leaf mesophyll cell and starch grain without nuclear in mestome sheath cell was observed , which led to the decrease of chlorophyll content and photosythetic capacity in maize leaf , then the early senescence occured 氮肥用量不足导致穗叶叶肉细胞叶绿体结构性差，维管束鞘细胞碳水化合物累积减少,营养体氮素再分配率大而引起叶片早衰；而过量供氮则导致生长后期硝酸还原酶活性过高，氮素代谢过旺，消耗了大量碳水化合物，以致下位叶不能得到充足的碳水化合物供应而提早脱落，同时叶肉细胞叶绿体片层结构膨胀，呈“肉汁化”特征，维管束鞘细胞淀粉粒大量消耗，无核淀粉粒出现，从而叶片叶绿素含量下降，光合能力降低而出现早衰。
Elevated [ co2 ] treatment resulted in the larger accumulation of carbohydrate ( soluble sugar and starch ) in leaves of anthurium andraeanum lind during short - term experiment , but the difference of three treatment groups is no striking during long - term experiment . chlorophyll content , chlorophyll a / chlorophyll b ratio in leaves increased , while soluble protein decreased in elevated [ co2 ] during experiments . elevated [ co2 ] led to the increase of rubp carboxylase activity and the decline of glycolic acid oxidase activity during short - term experiment , but the rubp carboxylase activity decreased after 60 d , the glycolic acid oxidase activity increased after 90 d 高浓度co _ 2处理的红掌，叶片中的叶绿素含量增加，叶绿素a叶绿素b升高，但可溶性蛋白含量下降，并且随着处理时间的延长，可溶性蛋白含量的下降更为明显，处理150d时， t1 、 t2的可溶性蛋白含量与ck相比分别下降了36 . 7 、 28 . 2 ；高浓度co :处理的前30d ，高浓度c02抑制了go活性， rubpc活性升高:处理以记时，高浓度coz处理组的rubpc活性降低， go活性仍然低于对照;处理以月后，高浓度co :处理组的rubpc活性低于对照，其中t2的rubpc活性显著下降，而go活性升高。
Meanwhile , the chloroplasts " structure and chlorophyll content showed varieties , e . g . the chloroplast cubage became smaller and the volume of accumulated starch granules decreased . the total volume of starch granules in per unit chloroplast volume of chinese cabbage and mustard decreased by 80 . 1 % and 64 . 6 % while their number in per unit volume of chloroplast increased by 2 . 43 and 1 . 67 times , respectively 接种tumv的青菜和芥菜的叶绿体中淀粉粒的体密度分别为健康对照的19 . 9和35 . 4 ，而它们的数密度分别是对照的2 . 43和1 . 67倍，说明该病毒的侵染使寄主单位体积的叶绿体中淀粉粒总体积降低、总个数增加、单个体积减小。
